Steam Autoclave
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 3L Quick Dental Steam Autoclave Sterilizer US $875.99 
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 Dental medical STEAM AUTOCLAVE STERILIZER 23L CE SUN A+ US $2,327.50
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 18L Dental Steam Autoclave Sterilizer with Printer US $2,026.75
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Need some serious help on a physics problem...?
If steam at 100 degrees C enters an autoclave and leaves as liquid water at 80 degrees C, of the total amount of heat given off, what percent arises from the temperature drop of the liquid water from 100 to 80 degrees C?
There are two components to the change in thermal energy content of a given quantity of water as is cools from steam 1t 100C to liquid at 80C. The first is the latent heat of vaporization, which is the amount of energy needed to convert a unit amount (i.e., a kg or a mole) of liquid water to water vapor at 100C. This is the same amount of heat that is released by the reverse process of steam condensing to liquid.
The latent heat of vaporization of water (also called the enthalpy of vaporization) is 2272 J/gm (see first source). Each gram of water vapor that condenses at 100C to liquid water must relase 2272 J of energy.
The next component of the heat released is the change in energy accompanying a the change in the temperature of the liquid as it cools from 100C to 80C. The energy needed to change the temperature of a specified quantity of a material by 1 K (or 1 degree C) is given by the heat capacity of that material. The specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.181 J/(K*gm) at 25 C. (see second source). Assuming that the heat capacity of water between 80-100C is approximately the same as that at 25C, then the 20-degree change in temperature from 100C to 80C will be accompanied by a release of 20 K * 4.181 J/(K*gm) = 83.62 J/gm.
The total amount of heat given off per gram of water is then:
2272 J/gm + 83.62 J/gm = 2356 J/gm
Of this,
100 * 83.62/2356 = 3.55% is due to the temperature drop of the liquid from 100 to 80C.
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April 29th, 2009 in
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